The Arrival of Naqshabandi Order from Hijaz to the Malay World: 16th until the Early 19th Centur Muhammad Khairi Mahyuddin

The Arrival of Naqshabandi Order from Hijaz to the Malay World: 16th until the Early 19th Centur
Muhammad Khairi Mahyuddin


Abstract
This historical study tells a chronology on the arrival of the Naqshabandi order from Hijaz to the Malay World
throughout India and Central Asia.. Naqshabandi Order in the Malay World is identified came from the revival of
Ahmad al-Sirhindi from India. His revival in the Naqshabandi Order called as the mujadidiyyah caused the order
at the beginning in Mecca undergone major polemic during 16th until 17th century. However, later, it is a well-
established in middle of 18th and 19th century with minor polemic by al-Sirhindi’s late charismatic reputable
legacies effort who migrated from India to Mecca. Their struggle is most welcomed by Malay scholars domiciling
in the Mecca city for study and pilgrimage travelers. They are responsible spreading the Order directly from
Mecca to their homeland in numerous provinces in the Malay World, particularly in the early 19th century, until now
Naqshabandi Order is a Sufi practice founded Muhammad Baha al-Din from al-Bukhara, a region in the Central
Asia. The word Naqshabandi ascribed to Baha al-Din consists of two Persian word meaning painting in the heart.
His heart was drawn with the word Allah. Figuratively it indicates his heart having perpetual presence to Allah.
From the impact of this accident, the word Naqshabandi is applied persistently until today, by his serial heirs over
the world. Naqshabandi's spiritual lineage ends to the Prophet Muhammad SAW via Abu Bakar al-Siddiq.
However, Naqshabandi order before Muhammad Baha al-Din had been established by Abdul Khaliq al-
Ghujadawani. He was a Chief of the Naqshabandi Order because he founded in it eleven principles with Persian
terminologies. The coming of the Naqshabandi Order from Central Asia to Hijaz at the early period started with
Baha al-Din, Muhammad Parsa, Abdul Rahman al-Jami, Ubaydullah Ahrar and the other outstanding masters
while performing the pilgrimage. At the time of pilgrimage, they initiated many disciples into the Order
(Weismann, 2007) . Hijaz is the region where Mecca and Medina, the Holy Cities are located. Both cities are also
noted as al-haramain (the sacred territory). Hijaz in the present day is known as the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia.
The Naqshabandi Order is identified not only diffused in Mecca by the Central Asia masters but also masters
from India. So, in the Holy cities, Naqshabandi adaption was mostly taught by masters from central Asia and
India. The development of the Naqshabandi Order in Hijaz appeared into two major lines; the non- mujaddidi and
mujaddidi.

 
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